Stress

Stress can be defined as the sum of physical and mental responses caused by certain external stimuli (stressors) and allow the individual (human or animal) to overcome certain requirements of the environment and the physical and mental burden caused by this process.

The term stress has been borrowed from physics, which means the tension and wear they are exposed to the materials, and first used in today's direction in 1936 by physician Hans Selye in the journal Nature.

Stress can be caused by anxiety and depression due to the sudden change in lifestyle and exposure to a particular environment, which makes a person feel a certain kind of anguish. When the symptoms of stress persist for a long period of time, there may be feelings of avoidance (related to anxiety and depression). Our defenses mechanisms are not responding effectively, thus increasing the possibility of disease occur, especially cardiovascular.

Another important term in the study of stress is the term stressor; indicates that an event or happening that requires an individual to an adaptive reaction to the new situation; the reaction will give the name of coping (dealing). These coping responses may be functional or malfunctioning, or not as fulfilling its role in overcoming the situation in adapting to it.

Stressors, depending on the degree of their harmfulness and the time required for the adaptation process, divided into:

1. Critical biographical events (life events): events are locatable in time and space, which require a profound restructuring of the life situation provoke emotional-affective long term. Such events can be both positive and negative and have different degrees of normatively; the social demand. Examples are marriage, birth of a child, sudden death of a person, accident, etc..

2.Traumatic stressors; are a special kind of biographical events that critics have a very high intensity and that exceed the adaptive capacity of individual

3. Everyday stressors (daily hassles); are stressful events of the day to day, that interfere with the welfare of the undivided, and that experience as threatening, or frustrating losses. Examples are problems with weight or appearance, health problems of close relatives who require care, trouble with daily events (home care, rising prices, financial worries, etc.).

4. Chronic stressors (chronic strain); are situations or conditions spanning a relatively long time and brings with it experiences repeated and chronic stress (overwork, unemployment, etc.) and specific situations (beginning with and so defined) that bring lasting consequences (Example: Stress caused by problems stemming from divorce).

Examples of stressors:

• Contempt loving;

• Pain and Sorrow;

• Strong light;

• High levels of sound;

• Events: births, death, war, meetings, weddings, divorces, changes, chronic diseases, unemployment and amnesia;

• Liabilities: Unpaid Debts and lack of money;

• Work / study: exams, slow traffic and deadlines for small projects;

• Personal relationships: conflict and disappointment;

• Lifestyle: unhealthy food, smoking, alcoholism and insomnia;

• Exposure to constant stress in children (child abuse);

• Age.

In a way stress is necessary to keep us moving and functional; however if you feel that the high levels of stress in your life are interfering in your everyday performance or interfering with your well being you must immediately look for some help and see why your defense mechanisms are not being enough.

Weight Loss

What is Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology is an interface or application of psychology and neurology, studying the relationships between the brain and human behavior, yet practically dedicated to investigating how different lesions cause deficits in various areas of human cognition or as called by the first studies in this field studies the higher mental functions, leaving areas such as aggression, sexuality towards more integrative physiology and biology (neurobiology, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, psychobiology) or better in neuroscience. Among the main contributions of this branch of knowledge are the results of scientific research to design interventions in cases of brain injury where there is impairment of cognition and some aspects of behavior.

What is the role of the neuropsychologist?

The neuropsychologist is a professional active in various institutions, developing activities such as diagnosis, rehabilitation, family orientation and multidisciplinary teamwork. The main places where the neuropsychologist is required include: academic institutions (research, teaching), hospital (pre-and post-surgical), courts (and evaluation skills), clinical (assessment, rehabilitation and research), private clinics and homecare (rehabilitation).

There are three fields of actions that are fundamental to the profession neuropsychologist

1. Diagnosis - Using instruments (tests, batteries, scales) for standardized assessment of cognitive functions, the neuropsychologist will investigate the performance of skills such as attention, perception, language, reasoning, abstraction, memory, learning, academic skills and motor functions. This diagnosis is intended to be able to collect clinical data to help understand the extent of losses and explore the points that each intact condition causes the central nervous system of each patient. From this assessment Neuropsychological is possible to establish types of intervention, rehabilitation and specific to particular individuals and / or groups of patients with dysfunctional or otherwise acquire, genetic or not, primarily or secondarily to other Neurological disorders (Psychiatric).

2. Treatment (Rehabilitation) - With the diagnosis in hand the Neuropsychologist can make the necessary interventions with patients so they can improve, compensate or adapt to circumvent the difficulties. These interventions can be in the context of cognitive functioning: work directly with cognitive functions (memory, language, attention, etc) or a much more ecological, the living environment of the patient along with their families, to act as co-participants in the process of rehabilitation, along with multidisciplinary teams and academic institutions and professionals, promoting cooperation in the insertion or reinsertion of such individuals in the community when possible, or even in individual and family adaptation when changes in patient's capabilities are more permanent or long term.

3. Search - Research in Neuropsychology involves the study of such diverse areas as the study of cognitions, emotions, personality and behavior from the standpoint of the relationship between these aspects and brain functioning. Currently the use of specific drugs to stimulate or inhibit certain functions, has been used frequently to observe the behavior and cognitive functioning of individuals in given situations. Another technique that has greatly contributed in the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology with great specificity in neuroimaging is the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional tomography positron emission tomography (PET-CT) that allow you us to map certain areas related to specific activities. Therefore, it is clear that neuropsychology is a field of work and emerging research, both for psychology and for the Neurosciences, advancing and contributing uniquely to the understanding of how we think and act in the world.

plagiarism!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I would like to inform that several of my articles have been copied in to another blog in Muscat, what is an act of plagiarism!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Drugs

You can not say that there is only one reason leading to drug use but several factors that can influence the consumption or no consumption. These factors can be individual, social, familial, environmental and related to each substance.
There are different forms of consumption with different meanings and reasons that lead people to try a drug are different from the reasons that lead them to become dependent.

Causes of Drug Abuse, why do people use it?
In the beginning, it’s a phase of experimentation, there are a number of factors that can lead to the consumption of which stands out: the curiosity, the desire to belong to a group, the desire for fun, the fear of exclusion from the group, the availability of the drug, the illusion of solving problems, a positive representation of substances, among others. This experimental use may not lead to a sporadic or habitual consumption but can also become an addiction

The recreational use is associated with fun and leisure. One of its main features is the search for immediate pleasure in the context of dance or fun.
The last stage of consumption when it is installed dependency. Consumption becomes the main purpose and motivation in life, everything revolves around him.

Anyway, in each case there are always a number of factors that should be examined by a specialist in order to plan an appropriate treatment regimen.

How to tell if my child is addicted?
The signals can be as varied as, for example, changes the rhythm of life (sleep, eating), severe mood swings, lying, big secret about his life, their activities, their relationships with friends, spending unexplained money which may be linked to drug use but may also originate from other types of situations that age, and must be well balanced. There is however a set of signs of drug use as the appearance of needles and syringes, needle marks from bites, burnt spoons or knives, silverware of packs or foil burned.

The best way to notice it is being attentive to their behavior changes and maintaining a sufficiently close and affectionate with your child that allows him to talk about it if necessary.

How do I stop my son to became a drogue addict?
There are no recipes, but it is important to maintain a good relationship with him that allows discussion and discussion of all matters that arise throughout the life of his son, including drug use. Give him support when he needs to pay attention to their studies or work, your friends - in short, helping it grow and grow with him.

Cannabis is the first step for the consumption of harder drugs?
Not necessarily. In fact, there are people who use cannabis and do not feel the need to consume other substances. Other people use cannabis and / or alcohol and will gradually extend the use of other substances that cause more dependence - poly. It is a fact that there are substances with the addictive power than others. However, it is essential to realize the importance of consumption in the life of the person concerned. There may be regular consumption of hashish that leads to an addiction and there may be occasional consumption of more potent drugs without associated dependency, although in this case the risk of dependence is quite large. For this reason you should pay attention not only to the substance consumed, but also the use that individuals make of it and what it represents in your life.

What if I discover that my son is addicted?
Young people consume different products and not all have the same meaning consumption. It is important to know that consuming the substance, as it does and how long to determine if it is for trial or continued consumption.

Either way it's always important to talk to him, confront him with the facts and seek support from the family doctor or other health specialists. If the intakes are regular or substances such as heroin or cocaine, a health care professional will know to help him, and his son, to find a way to cope.

• Any drug are potentially toxic, the degree of intoxication depends on the intensity of use, being directly proportional.

• Even drug accepted, tolerated or even encouraged by society can get to abuse and addiction.

The person who uses drugs ends up being dependent for a long time, until he/she resolve to treat him/ her self or decide to quit drugs.

Preventing School Failure

It is now common that teachers, doctors and parents send a child to a psychologist for him to consider, especially if there are learning difficulties, or if somehow the attitudes and behaviors of the child deviate slightly from normality.
There are, in fact, psychological tests to assess, both factors of personality or intelligence, and that gives us a precise indication of what's going on at that moment that the child is having this or that kind of behavior as well as learning difficulties.
The notion of IQ is debatable, since there are several types of intelligence, as so-called emotional intelligence, which greatly influence the performances of the subjects. A person can be very intelligent, both formal and can not be successful at the professional level due to a failure at the level of emotional intelligence.
In addition, often requires that if an assessment of development. Evidence of development, that allows us to assess whether a child is developing in a manner appropriate to their age. Are complex tests that can be applied from the first months of life.
When there is a need to outwit emotional problems, the psychologist makes use of other tests. The night fears, jealousy of younger siblings, the family feeling of exclusion, are among the reasons that trigger some emotional imbalance in childhood.
Today it is very common that parents want their children to join earlier in the first year and they learn quickly to read. This rush can give poor results because if the child has not reached a certain degree of intellectual maturity, it is difficult to assimilate certain concepts.
For this reason, is important to conduct a psychological evaluation. If the maturity of the child is worse than expected, given his age, is beneficial for the child to stay another year in preschool, because only this way can prevent the emergence of problems such as dyslexia, among others.
When asked for a psychological examination are evaluated several factors simultaneously. You see, for example, that a child not at school may be related to emotional and not cognitive.
All this has to be exploited, either by testing or consultation. Finally, we presented a psychological evaluation and report are outlined strategies to overcome the problems.
It is important to stress that the earlier problems are detected, the faster you can outline plans to solve them and only through a specialized support is that this becomes possible.
Therefore, if your child had difficulties in the school year now, consider the possibility that the lead psychologist at the beginning of this school year, for only thus will help prevent failure.

Good family connections - It's easier than it looks

The best solution is to work less and spend more time with your kids and your family! Sometimes having more time involves making choices, get up early, giving up lunch hours, be faster at the tasks ... When this is possible, it's great because the kids really need to spend time with their parents.

The past tense should be quality. It is essential that every day (or almost all!) Play / play / talk - as the ages and tastes of children - at least for 20 minutes. During this time, there can be no television on, or ringing phones, or to make dinner, etc.. Not being "next to" is "being with", which is quite different.

The concerns of the work should stay at work. It is very important not to "discharge" in the children (the same applies to your partner). It is essential to scold when they deserve to hear a scorned and not because you are impatient because your day went wrong at work. It is important to correct, but because the attitude is not right and not because it took transit and arrive home too tired to smile.

Take a deep breath, count to 10 and start again! Optimize your family time, make the most to relax together, enjoy each others company, enjoy playing sports with the family, take a walk outdoors, do interesting cultural programs. Basically, try to do things that bring smiles to all and good mood, especially after weekend so they can go "charging battery" for the work week.

The family connections help the child understand the rules and understand what is good and what is bad.

A mistake is choosing the easy way like: give food instead of encouraging your child to eat alone, arrange the children’s room because it is much faster than expect that they clean up.

It is important to correct, because the attitude is not right and not because you arrive home and you are too tired to smile.

Children benefit greatly from the patience and wisdom of grandparents and vibrate with the willingness of most uncles.

If parents want their children to stay in care, should give them guidelines and clarify their routines; bedtime, which may or may not do, what to eat, etc.. it is up to the parents to decide and pass that information to whoever is taking care of the children. Parents say that and care keepers should follow the suggestions of the parents without losing their individuality and their spontaneity. Life gives us leeway, with common sense children and adults get along well.

Uncles and grandparents are very important for children and these are even more important for the uncles and grandparents! "Every family and child are unique. Typically, the grandchildren do wonders to the grandparents, taking a few years from there back and by making time "fly." Uncles; children teach many things, help us unwind and simplify life.

Try to do things that bring smiles to all and good mood, especially after weekend so they can go for charging batteries for the work week.

For children grow up full of virtues and a strong character, parents should teach them values such as generosity, friendship, patience, self control, self-esteem, justice, obedience, humility, honesty, respect, among others.

Each family member has their role and the secret is that each one will hold him without wanting to reverse roles. "It's important that parents are not disallowed in front of children, but it's also good to make room for other family members to exercise its role more relaxed with the children. The ideal is that they live with a family environment where seeing who has the last word are the parents and they are responsible for the basic rules and routines for the main decisions of family dynamics.